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Jan. 1, 1924 B: V. E. NORDBERG INTERNAL COMBUSTION Filed DeC Sf; l9

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B. V. E. NORDBERG INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Dec. 8, 1917 2 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Jan. 1, 1924.

UNITED STATES,

BRUNO V. E. NORDBERG, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application filed December 8, 1917. Serial No. 206,236

To all-whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BR NO V. E. Noni): mine a citizen o'f the United States, resid ing at Milwaukee, in the eo unty of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in InternaLConibustion Engines, of which the following isa specification. p

This invention pertains to an lIIlPI'OYGCl fuel-heating chamber designed inore especially forv use in connection withihternal combnstionengines wherein the fuel is igni sl by" being? n rmixed it ly heated eompressed, air in the combustion chamber of the engine, eontradistin guished from that type of engine wherein the gas usually produced trorn a readily gasifiablefuel is interi nixed with air, co npressed and then exploded 'lh e heating. chamber. is designed r ore especially toruse in heating the charges of; oil in the presence ofeonipressed and thereafter ausi g the ejection of the charge if1 a; em l i l tio su je t n e ing. effected the explosion within chamber of the more highly volatile portib n si er" the fuel chargef Experience with en i was is th man r s sat shewn, particularly with crude oils, that it is necessary to; regulate the tempera ar a ateen sambaso he it ees netb' ms q hishwtnis for t e reason that if the temperature, particularly at the lower end gen e chamber, becomes too pressure created inside chamber, which prevents snlffieient air from entering the same before the primary explo- S3011 takes place, with the consequence that the charge is not efiectively ejected, and the iiiwipleded portiqn oi the fuel oil is not siifiieiently atomized i The main object of the present inventien is to produce a chamber which will bring about t e e ir mel nd t 9 ater.- i'as k t the hambe and rtiwla ly he lower part thereof, that the burning in the chamber is cqxnmeiiced later and at slower a ha sii d ll wi t ke Platt whereby the primary .eigplosien. will not ocout until sufficient has heen oreed inte the chamber to efii'ect the proper explosion and ejection, of the fuel charge therefroni' in an atomized eondition.

A hea ing amber W il t Wil fis ma at m zed? shares and je t the se y reason of a primary explosion within the chamber shown in the annexed drawings, wherein: at t Figure 1 is a Vertical transverse section, taken on the line 1-51 of Fig. 2; i

Fig. 2 a similar View takenon the line 2-2of 1, or at right angles to that hp l g ,t .s.

Fig; 3 a transverse horizontal sectional view," taken on theline 3 3 of'Fig. 1; i Fig. 4 a'similar View taken on the line 4+4 of and i Fig.1) an enlarged sectional iew, show; in certain details ef construction.

' iteferring to the drawings, 1 denotes the cylinder head and 2 the heating chamber proper, cup-shaped in form and theinterior of which is substantially cylindrical, see Fig. 2 The exteriorlower portion of the wall ofthe heating chamber 2 is reduced somewhat in diameter and extends intothe cylinder thr'ougl i an opening formed in cylinder head. Said chamber is likewise provided with undercut groove: 0r rim 4, in which is seated copper ring 5, said ring bearing upon an inwardly-projecting poi tion of the cylinderhead. A disk-like meinher 6 forms a closure for the upperend of the chamber, and a copper packing ring? is interposed between said disk and the, adjacent inclined face 8 formed upon the inner wall of'the chamber 2, said disk be ing provided with a central opening the lower pertion whereof (denoted by '10) in clines outwardly or is comically counterb ored. This counter-bore in the coveris provided for the purpose of allowing the spray from the fuel nozzle (not shown) to spread int the interior of the fuel heat} ing chamber, without in any wise being obstructed. O verlying the diskQshaped member or cover 6 is a nozzle block 11, provided with anopening 12, in which the fuel nozzle of any approved typema -y he inqunted. Said nozzle-block is heldin' place upon the cylinder, 01' eylin'der-head, by bolts 13 (Fi 2) and the heating chamber is secured to he lower end of said block by bolts 14. These latter bolts, as will be seen upon reference to 2, when tightened up, force the cover 6 firnily'to place, causing the packing ring 7 to efi'ec-t a tightjointf between the cover and the heating chainber proper. As stated, bolts l l secure the nozzle-block 11 d t e ea heilibe ethe s h they and the cenduit iliembers' hereinafter rs e ema b w'itlidiiwna en fr' m the cylinder head. Bolts 13, as they are turned inwardly, cause the ring 5 to effect a tight joint between the heating chamber and the inwardly-projecting underlying portion of the cylinder or cylinder-head, as the case may be.

Around the lower portion of the chamber 2 is formed an exterior annular groove 15, and a series of countersunk openings 16 extend from the bottom of said groove through the wall of the chamber 2 and into the lower portion of the chamber, as best shown in Figs. 2 and 4c.

The nozzle block 11 is provided with oppositely-disposed recesses 17 in its side faces and likewise with lateral openings 18 in the upper portion thereof. The recesses 17 are designed to receive pipes or conduit members 19, into which are screwed pipes 20 extending through the lateral openings 18. The condui members 19 are each provided with a lug 21, adapted to abut against the lower end of a screw 22 mounted in the nozzle-block 11, and to force said conduit member dowi'iwardly into contact with a packing ring 23, surrounding the lower reduced end of the conduit member. Said packing ring bears against the upper face of the chamber 2 and the reduced portion enters a recess or bore formed in the upper edge of the wall of the chamber, which bore is in line with an opening or conduit 24: which extends downwardly through the wall of the chamber to the lower end thereof. These parts are duplicated, as will be seen upon reference to Fig. 1, upon each side of the head, and the conduits 24 open into a chamber 25 formed at the lower end of the heating chamber. his chamber is produced by welding a disk-like element 26 to the lower face or bottom of the chamber, said face being preferably provided with a central lug 27. The member 26 may be welded by any suitable process, to the bottom of the heating clnunber, as for instance electrically, by acetylene torch, or otherwise. There is thus formed a. waterqvay or channel comprising pipe 20, at the left, pipe or conduit 1%), conduit 24., chamber 25, and tln-ough similar conduits and pipes which are duplicated on. the right, as shown in Fig. 1. This arrangement will carry the cooling water directly to the lower end or face of the heating chamber.

Experience has shown that, particularly with crude oils, it is necessary to regulate the temperature of the fuel heating chamber so that it does not become too high. In the use of heating chambers of this type the oil is injected into the fuel-heating chamber through the fuel nozzle ordinarily in a fine spray early in the compression stroke of the engine. The air compressed by the engine piston gradually enters the fuel heating chamber through the openings 16 which extend inwardly from the annular groove or channel 15. If the temperature of the chamber, particularly at the lower end, becomes too high, a pressure is exerted inside of the chamber which prevents sulficient air from entering the same before a primary explosion takes place within said chamber to effectively eject and atomize that portion or part of the fuel which does not partake of any action in such primary explosion. If, on the other hand, the bottom of the chamber is jacketed by water in the manner above set forth, then the burning in the chamber is commenced later and is effected at a slower rate, and the primary explosion does not take place until sutlicient air has been forced into the chamber to effectively vaporize those particles of the charge which are readily volatilized.

Experience and trials have shown that it is material, however, to cool the bottom of the heating chamber, while on the other hand cooling of the upper portion of the chamber does not produce the desired effeet.

The object of the annular groove 15 and the counter-bored openings 16 extending therefrom into the heating chamber is to more uniformly distribute the fire and the fuel issuing from the holes than would otherwise obtain. In other words, this arrangement is to cause proper distribution of the fuel around the circumference of the cylinder-head and to shield the piston from the direct impact of the flame issuing through the openings 16. Experience has demonstrated that where the holes extend directly to the outer surface or wall of the chamber the piston heats up considerably, particularly on higher loads, while with the groove and the counterbored holes arranged in the manner above specified the flame and fuel ejected from the chamber are deflected from the piston primarily by the lower wall of the groove or channel.

Having thus described my inventio11,\vhat I claim is:

1. In combination with a cylinder of an internal combustion engine; a combined heating and fuel ejecting chamber projecting into the cylinder and into which the fuel is introduced and intermixed with air and caused to be expelled by the explosive action in part of said mixture, said chamber being provided with lateral openings for the discharge of fuel; and means carried by the chamber and extending to a point below the openings for cooling the chamber, whereby undue heating and consequent premature explosion of the mixture within the cham' her is prevented.

In an engine of the internal combustion type, the combination of an engine cylinder; a combined fuel heating and ejecting chamber extending into the cylinder; and

a water jacket for the inner exposed end of said chamber, said chamber having an exterior annular groove extending about the same at a point above the water jacket, and a series of openings extending from the bottom of the groove and opening into the interior of the chamber.

3. In an engine of the internalcombustion type, the combination of a cylinder head having a shouldered opening formed therein; a heating chamber for the fuel, said chamber comprising a substantially cylindrical body provided with discharge openings adjacent its inner end, and a cover for the upper end; a nozzle-supporting member overlying the cover; means securing said member to the cylindrical body and acting to force the cover to place; a packing inter posed between the heating chamber and the shoulder in the opening in the cylinder head; and means securing the nozzle-supporting member to the cylinder head and serving to force the heating chamber against the packing and the underlying shoulder.

4. A fuel heating and charge forming chamber for engines of the internal-combustion type, comprising in combination a cupshaped member, having a water chamber formed in the lower portion thereof, with conduits extending upwardly therefrom in the side walls of the member; a cover for the cup-shaped member, said cover having an opening extending therethrough; a cast ing bearing upon the cover, said casting having a nozzle opening therein in line with the opening in the cover; means for securing the casting and cup-shaped member together; a pipe located in line with each of the conduits aforesaid, and communicating therewith; and means carried by the nozzle casting for forcing and holding said pipes in place.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

BRUNO V. E. NORDBERG. 

